22 AMi:h'J( A\ MrSETM CiVIDK LEAFLETS, 



l;iii.iiua«!:(' th('\- sjK)k(\ while the adjectives define their lKd)itat. I'lidor 

 the designation New ^'ork (oastal Al^onkin, the writer includes the 

 tiihes al()n<i the coast Ironi Tottenville. Staten Island, the extreme 

 southern point of the state, to the Connecticut boundary on Long 

 Island Sound, includinj^ to a certain extent the shores of New Jersey 

 immediately adjacent to Staten and Manhattan Islands, the east hank 

 of the Hudson Kivei- as far north as Yonkers, and the western end 

 of Lon^ Island. 



I'lom tlie examination of tlie remains of the New York Coastal 

 Al«ionkin aiea j)reserved in many collections, both public and private, 

 it ))ecoines obvious that the objects found may be rouj^hly divided into 

 three jjjroups: articles of stone, articles of ])one and antler, and articles of 

 clay, shell, and metal. The first f^jroup is, from the imperishable nature 

 of its representatives, naturally the largest and comprises a numl^er of 

 sub-groups to be briefly descriljed and conmiented upon in this paper. 

 Exami:)les of this type will be found in the ta])le cases previously men- 

 tioned. For the following descriptions and historical notes the author 

 has larg(»ly drawn on ]\Ir. James K. Finch's and his own contributions 

 to Volume III of the "Anthropological Papers of the American Museum 

 of Natmal History" (New York, 1909). 



Chipped Articles. 



Arrow Points. Two general types of arrow points may be recognized: 

 these are the stennned, or notched, and the triangular forms. The former 

 are by far the most abundant, and while these are usually made of the 

 nearest local rock possessing the necessary conchoidal fracture, in some 

 cases they are of material brought from a long distance. Specimens 

 made of \)u\k flint resembUng stone from the Flint Ridge of Ohio, and 

 of jasper found to the south of this region, haye been recorded. Blunt 

 arrow points are rare, the Indians probably preferring wooden arrows 

 for this type. Many of the so-called ''blunt points" found in collections 

 appear to be scrapers made over from broken arrow j:)oints of a large size. 



The triangular type has long been regarded iDy the local collectors of 

 this vicinity as being the tj-pe used in war, the argument being that as it 

 has no stem, it was necessarily but loosely fastened in its shaft and, if 

 shot into the body, would be very liaV)le to become detached and re- 

 main in the flesh if any attempt were made to withdraw it by tugging at 

 the shaft. While it was no doubt perfectly possible to fasten a point of 

 triangular shape to the shaft as finnly as a notched point, the discoveries 

 of ^Ir. George H. Pepper at Tottenville, Staten Island, where twent}'- 

 three arrow points were found in and among the bones of three Indian 



