24 .l.UA7;/r.l.\ .l/r.sAV.U crJDE LEAFLETS 



skeletons, lend lo st icii^>l lien lliis theory. W'liile the in;ijoiit\' of points 

 loiind theic weic of hone or antler, all those made of stone were of this 

 type; indeed. in(>st of the hone |)oints weic also tiianjiular in shape. 

 Ho\\('\'ei-. it is well to heal' in mind that aii'ow points of tiian^ular tyjx' 

 weie iise(l forexciy purpose hy all theeaily Iro(|Uois 1 1 iIm'S of New York. 



Sjxdr Foiiits and Knircs. None of the eafly accounts of con- 

 teni|)oiai>- iMnopean \vi iters seem to mention the use of sj)ears (other 

 than hone or antler-headed liari)0()ns) by the Indians hereal^outs, and 

 it is piohahle that the larger arrow-point -like forms found were used as 

 kni\'es or cuttiii'i" tools. '1 hey aic usually notched oi- stemmed, rarely 

 trianj»;ular. and occasionally round oi- oval. They vary in size, })ut it 

 must he icmemlxMcd that one tool may have had various uses, and that 

 drills, kni\'es, and sciajx'is ma>- often have Ikhmi combined in one imple- 

 ment. 



Sci'dpers. Sciapers were jirobably used in dressing skins, in sharp- 

 ening; ])one implements, wood-working, and for vaiious other purj)oses. 

 These are usuall.\- meic flint flakes chip|)ed to an edge on one side. 

 Nevertheless, notched and stemmed forms recjuiring some care in their 

 making do occur. Broken arrow points weie occasionally chij:)ped down 

 to s(Mve this i)urpose. A single serrated scra])er lias been found. These 

 are very rare in both the Algonki in and Iro(iuoiun areas of New England 

 and tlu^ Middle Atlantic States. One very large stennned scrapei", of a 

 tyi)e more common in the far west, also comes from this locality. 



Drills. These are usually chipped tools ]:)i-esenting an elongated 

 nari'ow blade and a consick^rably swollen or expanded base, suitable for 

 grasping in the hand. In some cases the base was absent and those were 

 l)robably halted in wood. Specimens whose blades have a square or 

 rectangular cross-section are very rare. The finding of cores left in 

 half-drilled objects shows the use of a hollow drill, and it has been sug- 

 gested that a hard hollow reed used with sand and water on a soft stone 

 would i)ro(luce this effect. To bear out this assertion, it has been re- 

 poited that a half-drilled implement has been found outside this aic^a on 

 the upjxM- Hudson in which the r(MiKiins of th(> wed di ill wvw found in the 

 cavity left by its action. 



K()1'(;h Stoxk Articles. 



Hamrncrstoncs. The.se vary from simple pebbles pickcMJ up and 

 used in tlie rough, showing mei(dy a l)att(M(Hl (Mlge or edges a(*(|uiie(l by 

 use. to the pitted foinis. They ar(^ g(>nerally www pebbles with a pit 

 |)ecked on two opi)o>it(^ sides. ))(Mhai)s to aid in grasping with the thumb 



