2() AMIih'iCAX Mrsi':C.\/ criDE LEAFLETS 



;>ii(l toi('fin«i;('i-. Some liaxc haltcicd cd^cs. hiii many have not, sUKgest- 

 iuir, when lound and rcj^ular, a use as jraniinji; or "Cluinko" stones, or as 

 iini)l('ni('nts used only in pounding; some lallicjsoft substance. Haninier- 

 stones. pitied on one -idc only, and others with many pits on all sides, 

 occur. 'Hiesc laltci- ma\' ha\'c had some special use. and aic not to be 

 confounded with the lai«;(', Hat. slab-like stones lia\'in^- pits only on one 

 side, found in olhei' i('«!;ions and j)erhaps used as receptacles for lioldinj^ 

 nuts while cracking- them. While these are conmion in the Irocpioian 

 area, they aic unknown here. 



La rj2;e stones, sin«2;le or double-pitted, |-esem])lin^- over-sized hammer- 

 stones, occur. These ma>' have been used as an\ils in chippin<!; flint or for 

 like pur])()ses. 



(Irooved clubs oi- mauls, also showin«;- use as hammers, are found. 

 These are lare and are usually- eithei- i-()uj2;h pe})])les, grooved for hafting, 

 as in the case of the <»;i()()ved axe, oi* jirooved axes, the blades of which 

 have IxH'onu^ so battered, ])roken, and rounded l)y wear as to preclude 

 tluMr furtluM' us(» for ch()])j)in^-. 



Xct-Sinlxcrs. On all sites near the water, either salt or fresh, net- 

 sinkers show th(^ ])revalence of fishinjz;. These ai'e of two types. In one 

 case a ])ebble is notched on o])posite sides of either the lon^;- oi- broad axis; 

 in the other, a groove is pecked around the entire pebble in the same 

 manner. The latter type is comparatively scarce, as the former, being 

 more easily and quickly made, was just as useful to the savage. The 

 modern Cree and ()ji])way, residing in the forests north of the Great 

 Lakes, still use pebbles for this purpose, but those observed by the writer 

 were not notched or worked in any way. Occasionalh', sinkers notched 

 on both axes are found in this region. 



Hoes. These are usually ovoid implements, chipped from trap 

 rock, sometimes notched to facilitate hafting, and sometimes not. They 

 usually show^ a slight polish on the blade, caused by friction with the 

 ground. This type of stone hoe is the form mentioned by early writers; 

 but perhaps hoes of shell, bone, or tortoise shell, and wood were used 

 also. None of these, however, are still in existence. 



Hand Choppers. Pel)bles chipped to an edge on one side, for use 

 as hand ch()j)j)ers, occur. These are occasionally i^itted on both sides. 



(irooved Axes. For the ])urp()ses of this pai)er, the writ(M-. while 

 aware that many grooved axes are wc^ll made and ])olishe(l, has decided 

 to include them under the head of " Hough Stone Articles," as by far the 

 greater majority of the grooved axes and celts from this legion lack the 

 ))olish and finish belonging to otluM- articles later to l)e described. 



