IXDI.WS or M.WIIATT.W /Sl..\\l> 41 



PotlcMV is loiiiul ;il)iiii(l;iiill> on the iiiMjorilv of the sites in this 

 (listiict; hut. while \(My much nioic coimnon lh;in in the New l']n,iil;iii<l 

 iwv'A, it does not e(|iiMl in ;il)un(l;in('e th;it lioni the lro(|Uois count ly. It 

 is i;ifel>' louiul huiied in «»;r;i\'es with skeletons ;is in the li()(iuoi;in nica; 

 wluMi sonietiin(>s found in <>,ia\-es, h()we\(M\ it is usu;dl\- at some dislancc 

 from lh(> human femains and api)ai'(Mitl>' not connected with ihent. 

 Whole Of !ieaii>- whole vessels afe exce(Mlin<2;ly fai'e and the mimher of 

 those found up to date may easily be counted upon the finders. Pot- 

 sherds taken from })its or shell-heaps, where they have not been exposed 

 to the action of the weather, are often as thickly covered with grease as 

 when th(\v wcw brokcui and cast aside. 



Articles of Metal. 

 Beads. Beads of native metal, consistinj^; simply of pieces of ham- 

 mered sheet copper rolled into small tubes, have been found, but they 

 are very rare. Copper salts, but no objects, were found upon the bones, 

 especially on those of the head and neck of a child's skeleton at Burial 

 Ridge, Tottenville, Staten Island, which seemed to predicate the use of 

 copper beads. A great many beads of olivella shell, some of them dis- 

 colored by copper salts, were found about the neck of the skeleton. A 

 single celt of copper is said to have been found in Westchester County, 

 probably on Croton Neck, slightly above the limit of the territory 

 treated in this paper. ^ A large number of copper beads of the type 

 described were found with a skeleton on Constable Hook, Bayonne, 

 New Jersey, and are now in the hands of a private collector in Brooklyn. 



Articles of Shell. 

 Wainpum. Objects of shell are not at all common, notwithstand- 

 ing that the coast region of New York was one of the best known locali- 

 ties for wampum manufacture on the continent. Wampum beads are 

 almost unknown from local sites. With the exception of completed 

 beads, most of which may have been taken into the interior, by the 

 Indians, wampum may be found in all stages of manufacture. We refer 

 to the white wampum, for traces of the ''black" (blue) wampum made 

 from the hard clam or quahog are so far not reported. The process of 

 manufacture may be shown by shells with the outer whorls broken 

 away in steps until the innermost solid column is reached, ground and 

 polished at the end, and needing only cutting off into sections and per- 



1 Native copper occurs in the New Jersey trap ridges within a few miles of New York City, an 

 important source in Colonial tim.es being near Boundbrook, 30 miles from the lower end of Manhattan 

 Island. Bowlders of native copper occ\ir in the glacial drift. 



