42 AMKh'K A.\ MISI-CM (U IDE LEAFLETS 



toialioiis lo iniikc the finished white \v;iin|)Uiii Ix'ad. Tlicsc do not occur 

 on all sites, thou«i;h they have been found here and there thiou^iiout 

 the ic^iion. Ninety-six conch shells with the outer whorls broken entirely 

 awa>' weic h)uiid in a ^lave al I'uiial Kid^c. Tottenvillo, Staten Island, 

 about the head and neck ol" a skeleton. 



Ecndduls. ( )ccasionall\' oyster and clam shells, found unworked 

 sa\-e for jx'rforat ions in them, ma>- hax'c been j)endants or ornaments, 

 but certainl\- ha\'e little a'sthetic value. 



Scnipii-s. Clam shells seoni to have been used as scra])ers and 

 some are occasionally found with one edge showinji; the efTect of rubbing 

 and wearing. Those are rare, however. Some may have been pottery 

 smoothers. Clam shells have been reported which contained central 

 j)erf()rations and were identical in appearance with some shell pottery 

 scrapers and smoothers collected by Mr. M. R. Harrington among the 

 ('ataw])a. Contemporary writers mention the use of knives made of 

 shell. 



Pottery Tempering. This was sometimes (k)ne with calcincnl and 

 pounded shells, but was uncommon, considering \\w al)undance of the 

 mat(Mial at hand. Pounded stone or gravel seems to have been more 

 favonnl. 



Pottery Stamps. The corrugated edge of a scallop shell was fre- 

 quently used as a stamp for pottery, as may be seen by examining the 

 })()tsherds from this region. 



Articles of Bone and Axtler. 



Objects of bone and antler, while perhaps more abundant here than 

 in New England, are far less plentiful in form and number than in the 

 Iroquoian area. Cut bones are frequent in most shell pits and heaps. 

 They were cut probably with a flint knife, by grooving the bone partly 

 through on all sides, and breaking. 



Bone Awls. These utensils are the most common of all bone 

 articles in this region and are found in almost every part of the area. 

 Some are merely sharpened sHvers, but others show a considerable degree 

 of work, and are well finished and polished. They are usually made of 

 deer or other mammal l)one, but sometimes from the leg bones of birds. 



In some instances, the joint of the bone is left for a handle, but this is 

 often cut off. Grooved, perforated, or decorated bone awls are extremely 

 rare in this region. While it is generally considered that these bone tools 

 wvw used as awls in scnving leather, as by modern shoemakers, neverthe- 

 less, they may have served as forks in removing hot mor.sels from the pot 



