ixnjAXs or .1/1 \7/ r/y.i.v isl.wd 49 



iwv related; i'Ut th(\\' ('()in|)ai(' xciy I'aNoi'ahiy willi the New I'ji^laiHl 

 tril)es. Ai)S(MU'(' and scaicity of ('(ataiii ailitacts. such as slcatitr vessels, 

 till* loiiii stone pestle, the iioii^ie, adze, and plmninet, and the ahundance 

 and eharactiM" of honc^ and j)()tt(My articles show them to have been inter- 

 mediate in character between the Lenape on the south and west, and tin; 

 New I'lnjiland trilx^s (mi tlu* east and noith; and consultations of the old 

 Kuro})ean contemporaries show that this was the case linguistically as 

 well as culturally. lOxamination of the remains also shows that the in- 

 fluence of the Lenape on the west, and of the New England peoples on 

 the east, was most stron«2;ly felt near their respective borders. Iroquoian 

 influence was stron«;, as evinced ])y the pottery, and there is also docu- 

 mentary evidence to this effect. Finally, as is frequent throughout most 

 of eastern North America, the archaeological remains may })e definitely 

 placed as belonging to the native Indian tri])es who held the country at 

 the time of its discoverv or to their immediate ancestors. 



ABORIGINAL REMAINS ON MANHATTAN ISLAND^ 



THE first field work done on ^Manhattan Island is of very recent 

 date. Doubtless many articles of Indian manufacture and evi- 

 dences of Indian occupation were found as the city grew^ up from 

 its first settlement at Fort Amsterdam, but of these specimens we have 

 verj' few records. An arrow point found in the plaster on the wafl of a 

 Colonial house w^as, wdthout doubt, in the hands of some member of the 

 Kortrecht famih^; and Indian pottery has been found in a hut occupied 

 by Hessian soldiers during the War of Independence. The first speci- 

 mens to have been preserved, to the knowledge of those now interested in 

 the subject, were found in 1855, and consisted of Indian arrow points dis- 

 covered in Harlem during excavation for a cellar on Avenue A, between 

 120th and 121st Streets. Some of these are spoken of by James Riker'^ as 

 being in the author's cabinet. Riker also speaks of shell-heaps near 

 here.^ The next specimens preserved were found at Kingsbridge Road 

 (now Broadway) and 220th Street in 1886, and are in the John Neafie 

 collection at the Museum. These consist of an arrow point and a few 

 bits of pottery. The next work was begun in 1889 by Mr. W. L. Calver 



iBy James K. Finch, revised by Leslie Spier. 

 2History of Harlem (1881), footnote, p. 137. 

 3lbid, p. 366. 



