IXDl.WS or M.WIIATT.W ISLAM) f)! 



Since this tiin(>. scNcrnl iiitcrcsliii^ relics liaxc heeii toiiiid, and as 1 lie 

 work ol" ^radiii^ streets and other exca\ation at this pait of the Island 

 are carried on, more relics will i)i()l)al)ly come to li^ht. 



'V\\v only Indian femains left on the Island, so faf as known to t he 

 wfitef, aic situated at the ext feme noithern end at Inwood and ('old 

 Spring. They consist of the so-called shell-heai)s or icfuse piles fiom 

 Indian camps, and three rock-shelters at Cold Spring, liut we have 

 evidence to show that this was not tlu^ only part of the Island occupied 

 by the Indians. Mrs. Lanib^ says that the Dutch found a larp;e shell- 

 heap on the west shore of Fresh Water Pond, a small pond, mostly swamp, 

 which was bounded by the present Bowery , Elm, Canal, and Pearl Streets, 

 and which the}- named from this circumstance Kalch-Hook. In course of 

 time, this was abbreviated to Kalch or Collect and was applied to the 

 pond itself."^ This shell-heap must have been the accumulation of quite a 

 village, for Mrs. Jno. K. Van Rensselaer^ speaks of a castle called Catie- 

 muts overlooking a small pond near Canal Street, and says that the 

 neighborhood was called Shell Point. Hemstreet refers to the same castle 

 as being on a hill ''close by the present Chatham Square," and says that 

 it had once been an ''Indian lookout."'' Excavations at Pearl Street are 

 said to have reached old shell banks. "The Memorial History of New 

 York"^ says that a hill near Chatham Square was called Warpoes, which 

 meant Uterally a "small hill."^ According to the same authority, 

 "Corlear's Hoeck was called Naigianac, literally, 'sandlands.' It may, 

 however, have been the name of the Indian village which stood there, and 

 was in temporary occupation." This is the only reference we have to this 

 village, but there are references to another on the lower end of the 

 Island. Janvier"^ says that there was an Indian settlement as late as 1661 

 at Sappokanican near the present Gansevoort Market. According to 

 Judge Benson,^ Sappokanican ("tobacco field ")^ was the Indian name 

 for the point afterwards known as Greenwich. "In the Dutch records 

 references are made to the Indian village of Sappokanican; and this 

 name * * * was applied for more than a century to the region which 

 came to be know^n as Greenwich in the later, Enghsh, times. The Indian 

 village probably was near the site of the present Gansevoort Market; 



'History of New York City, p. 30. 



2^Ir. Edward Hagaman Hall, however, derives the name from "Kolk" or "Kolch, " a word still 

 in use in Holland and applied to portions of a canal or inclosure of water. — Editor. 

 ^Goede-Vrouw of Manahata, p. 39. 



^Hemstreet, Xooks and Corners of Old New York, p. 46. 

 ^Bulletin, N. Y. State Museum, Vol. 7, No. 32, p. 107, Feb., 1900. 

 f James G. Wilson, op. cit., p. .52. 

 ^Evolution of New York. 



8N. Y. Historical Society Collections, S. II, Vol. II, Pt. I. p. 84. 1848. 

 -All Hilse translations are doubtful. 



