52 .t.UA'AVr.l.V Mrsi':CM <,ril)E LEAFLETS 



l)iH the iiaiiic sccnis to \\'a\v Ix'cii ajiplicd to tlic whole i('*j;ioii lyin^ 1)C'- 

 twccii tlic North Kivcr and tlic sticain called the Manctta Water or 

 Hestavaar's Kill."' Benton sa\sthat the name of the villajie was Laj)ini- 

 ean.- (loinji; hack to the old Dutch records niijjht lead to finding the 

 actual names and other data rej^ardin^ these places. 



Most of tlie specimens found on Manhattan Island, as already 

 stated, come from the northern i)art. We have a few from the central 

 ])()rti()n. however. There are the arrow-heads spoken of by Hiker, and 

 in the Webster Free Libraiy there is a fine specimen of a j^rooved stone 

 axe found at 77th Street and Avenue B. Mr. ( 'alver has found an arrow- 

 head at 81st Street and Hudson Hiver and sj)ecimens fiom the site of 

 ('olinnl)ia C\)llej2;e have been recorded. 



l)oul)tless the nortluMii part of the Island was inhabited for 

 the lonj2;er ])eriod; but it is i)i'()l)al)le that all alont" the shore, wherever 

 one of the many sj)rin<is or small brooks, shown on old maps, emptied 

 into the Hudson or East River, there were small, temporary' Indian 

 camps. It is likely that these camps were used only in summer, while the 

 })rimitive occupant of ^Manhattan retreated to the more protected part 

 of the Island, as at Inwood and Cold Spring, during the winter. Or it 

 may be possible that, as Ruttenber^ states, the villages on Manhattan 

 Island were only occupied when the Indians were on hunting and fishing 

 excursions, while their permanent villages were on the mainland. Bol- 

 ton,'' however, says their principal settlement was on iManhattan Island. 



Fort Washington Point. There is a small deposit of shells on the 

 southern edge of the point, in which the writer found some small pieces 

 of pottery and a few^ flint chips, thus proving its Indian origin. This was 

 probably a summer camp, as it was too exposed for winter use. 



Zerrenners Farm. A favorable sloping field at 194th Street and 

 Broadw^ay now used for truck farming, was utilized as a camp site. 

 Camp debris of varied character has been plowed up here. Perhaps 

 the overhanging rocks below Ft. Washington, between 194th and 198th 

 Streets on Bennett Avenue, afforded the In(Uans some shelter in winter. 



Inwood Station Site. At the foot of Dyckman Street and Hudson 

 River, there existed a large deposit of shells, most of which were removed 

 when the rocks on which they lay were blasted away for grading the 

 street. A few aiiow j)oints and bits of pottery, as well as several Revolu- 

 tionary ()bj(^cts, were found here. There are photogra])hs of this deposit 

 in the ^luseum. 



iThos. .\. Janvier, in Old New York, pp. 85-86. 

 »New York, p. 20. 



'Indian Tribes of Hudson's River, p. 78. 

 ^History of Westchester County, p. 25. 



