54 AM/':h'i(A\ .]/r.s7';r.u ccini': leaflets 



susjx'ct the cxislciicc of the shelters. Tlieic is only one which is likely to 

 ha\'e heeii w>vi\ as a dwellini; j)lace, the otheis hein^ places where food 

 was stored or slielters lor fires used in cooking. Tiiese slielters face oast, 

 and are at the foot of Inwood Hill ffoiinerly called Cock Hillj, which 

 foiins the most noithern part of Manhattan Island. The larjijcst one was 

 formed by several of the rocks breakinji off the cliffs above and fallinji: in 

 such a manner that, by (li^<>;in<i; out some of the earth from beneath them, 

 the Indians could make a small shelter. Prol)ably it was occupied b\' one 

 family, while the others lived in bark wigwams near by.' Another of the 

 shelters is simply an excavation under the end of a huso fraji;ment which 

 also (h()j)j)e(l from the cliffs a})Ove, and the third is a large crevice in the 

 foot of these cliffs. When Mi*. Chenoweth first explored them, all these 

 shelters were comj)letely fill(Ml with earth which had ^radualh' worked 

 its way in since their occupation, and nnich credit is due him for suspect- 

 ing their ])resence. In them he found fragments of ])ottery and stone 

 implements, together with the bones of turke\' and deer. The largest of 

 the refuse heaps is situated on a rise directly in front of these shelters. 

 It consists of a layer of shells, in places one foot thick, found under a 

 layer of fine loam, a black earth which has been deposited since the shells 

 were scattered over the oiiginal sandy yellow soil. The sheltered position 

 of this place made it an especially desirable camp site. The hills to the 

 vsouth and west formed a protection to the camp from winds, and b}^ 

 Spuyten Du^'vil Creek access could be had to either Hudson or East 

 River; while the Cold Spring, from which the j)lac(* takes its name, fur- 

 nish(Ml an abundant su])ply of fresh watei". 



Ilarlcnt Shij) (\inal. Formerly at 220th Street and Kingsbridge 

 Road was a large deposit of shells on the westerly side of the load. This 

 was (lestroy(Hl when the ship canal was put through. As with the In- 

 wood Station site, no systematic examination of this j^lace was ever 

 made. ]Mr. John Neafie found some potsherds herein 1886. Mr. ( 'heno- 

 weth also has some potsherds fj-om here.- Mr. Calver says that this was a 

 large deposit, and that the pecuhar thing about it was that the shells 

 were so wedged and packed together that a i^ick would hardly penetrate 

 them. They lay on the bare i"ock surface in cracks in the rock; a condi- 

 tion common to this neighborhood. 



Shell Pockets at 211th Street. In March, 1903. therc^ was considerable 

 excitement over the reported discovery of an Indian graveyard at 211th 

 Street.^ The graveyard pi'oved to have been that of some slaves, and was 



^Memorial History of Now York, Vol. I, p. ;i.3, for picture of houses, ami p. .30 for description. 

 2.Iohn Neafie collection. 2()-2.').">8 ; Chenoweth, 20-3498. 

 sEveningTeleRram, March 14. 1903. 



