MAMMOTHS AM) MAST(}J)()\S 



1!) 



There are five or six <»riii(liii<,^ lectli on each side ol' the jaw, twenty to 

 twenty-four in all. The anterior j)rein()lars are sinii)le crested teeth of a 

 type very nuicli hke lliose of other j)riiniti\-e nn<;nlates. The molars and 

 hist ])reniolar \ui\v tln-ee cross crests; tlie tliird molar has also a 

 crested heel. 



The skull allhou<;h prim- 

 itive has the characters 

 of pr()})oseideans in the 

 dei)ression of the grinding 

 series much below the level 

 of the base of the cranium, 

 the position of the openings 

 for the nostril (anterior 

 nares), set far backward 

 and but little in front of the 

 eye-orbits, the nasal bones 

 much reduced and the entire 

 construction of the face 

 adapted for the accommoda- 

 tion of a trunk which, 

 while evidently much less 

 developed than in the mod- 

 ern elephants or the mastodons, must have reached a considerable length. 

 The cranium is built out above the brain-case with cellular bony tissue 

 to a considerable extent, but much less than in the later proboscideans. 



After Osborn 



Fig. 8. Skull of PaliEomastodon, Lower Oligo- 

 cene ancestor of the mastodons and ele- 

 phants. One-tenth natural size. 

 Fa\nam district, Egypi. 



A/ier Osborn 



Fig. 9. Head of Palaeomastodon modelled by E. Christman 



under direction of Professor Osborn. One-tenth 



natural size. 



