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76 FOURTH FLOOR, SOUTH PAVILION 
only two feet ten inches high, and the rough-boned draught horse, which 
stands six feet one inch in height. Contrast these with the slender-limbed 
“Sysonby” the famous race horse, and the Arabian stallion “‘ Nimr.’’? Man 
by his intelligence has modified the form of the horse to meet 
ag err his needs and has accomplished in a small degree but rapidly, 
Oo odern : : , 
eke what nature has done in an extensive way during long ages 
—as will be seen from the fossil horses in the next hall. The 
similarity in structure of the skeletons of horse and man is brought out in 
the exhibit of a rearing horse being controlled by man. A comparison of 
these two skeletons will show that with some modification the bones of the 
one correspond with the bones of the other. The horse lover will also be 
interested in the osteological collections in the wall cases which show how 
to tell the age of horses through the growth and development of the teeth. 
Beyond the horse exhibit on the left are fossils from South America, 
the most striking of which is the group of giant ground sloths. There are 
also good examples of the Glyptodon, a sort of gigantic armadillo with its 
peculiar shell-like covering, the saber-toothed tiger and other 
Fossil singular extinct animals peculiar to South America. Although 
Mammals wee . 
of South these animals were contemporaneous with the North Ameri- 
America can mammals of this period, they are so different in structure 
from any other known mammals, that it is practically certain 
that during their evolution South America was an island continent without 
land connection with North America. 
The principal exhibits on the north side of the hall are the mammoths 
and mastodons and the series of skulls showing the evolution of the elephants. 
The “Warren Mastodon” is a classic specimen. It was found 
near Newburg, N. Y. in 1846, and is the finest specimen of 
its kind that has ever been discovered. While to the lay 
Warren 
Mastodon 
mind mastodon and mammoth are one, note that there are as great differ- 
ences between them as there are between a deer and a moose. The mam- 
moth and the mastodon were almost world-wide in their distribution, their 
remains being found on every northern continent, those of the mastodon 
in South America also. The modern elephants are confined to a limited 
area in India and Africa. While modern elephants are not direct descen- 
dants of the American elephants, they have originated from species in Asia 
which were contemporaneous with the mammoth and mastodon. Without 
any doubt prehistoric man hunted these animals. 


