THE PUEBLO DWELLERS. 63 
They did not hear of villages anywhere on the San Juan 
or Gila rivers or their tributaries. With the Coronado 
expedition was a private soldier interested in ethnology, 
Pedro de Castaneda, who left not only a most readable 
narrative of the journey itself, but interesting observa- 
tions concerning the number and location of villages 
and the manner of life of the natives. He listed the 
villages and described them as located in the following 
provinces: 
Cibola. This province when first discovered was 
said to have seven villages. Of these the location of 
five seems fairly certain. They are Hawikuh and Ket- 
teippawa near Ojo Caliente, the- present Zuni, then 
known as Halona, and Matsaki and Kiakima near 
Thunder Mountain. At the time of the rebellion in 
1680 Hawikuh, Zuni, Matsaki, and Kiakima were still 
inhabited. At the close of the rebellion the people 
gathered at Zuni where they remained until the recent 
movement to the outlying districts. 
Tusayan. The province of Tusayan also had seven 
villages situated near the sites of the present Hopi 
ueblos. One of the most important of these, Awatobi, 
was attacked by the other Hopi people in 1700 because 
it received a missionary after the rebellion, and was 
abandoned. At about the same time Hano, near 
Walpi, on the first mesa, was settled by Indians who. 
came from pueblos on the Rio Grande. Castafieda 
estimated the population of the two provinces of 
Cibola and Tusayan at between three and four thousand. 
Acoma. The high mesa with Acoma on its top, 
reached by difficult trails, is unmistakably described. 
The cisterns on the mesa which hold the rain and melted 
snow are mentioned. The population is given as two 
hundred men. 
