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68 INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST. 
use the Keresan language are San Felipe, Cochiti, 
Santo Domingo, Santa Ana, Sia, Laguna, and Acoma. 
Hopi. The Hopi villages are geographically sepa- 
rated into the first or eastern mesa on which stand 
Walpi, Sichumovi, and Hano; the second or middle 
mesa with Shipaulovi, Mishongnovi, Shumopovi; and 
on the third mesa, Oraibi, the largest of all. 
Quite recently the conservative party of Oraibi, who 
‘wish to live as they formerly did, have withdrawn and 
built a new village known as Hotavila a few miles away 
on the same mesa. Forty miles westward is the summer 
village of Moenkapi situated where conditions are favor- 
able to agriculture. The language of the Hopi proper is 
Shoshonean connected with Ute and Comanche. One 
of the villages, however, Hano, still has its Tewan 
dialect, maintained since the migration from the Rio 
Grande early in the eighteenth century. 
Zuni. The pueblo of Zui, which by itself is the 
descendant of the seven cities of Cibola, has three 
outlying farming villages, Pescado, Nutria, and Ojo 
Caliente which are fast becoming permanent settle- 
ments. The Zufi language is believed to be entirely 
independent of all others. 
HABITATIONS. 
The housesof the sedentary peoples of the Southwest 
retain the two chief characteristics of those of the 
ancient peoples which are really the most striking © 
features of Southwestern culture: they are communal, 
honeycomb-like, and almost without exception ter- 
raced. 
Arrangement of Buildings. The modern villages 
present three types of arrangement. A large square 
or rectangular building, terraced back from all four 
