72 INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST. 
generally topped with a pot or two from which the 
bottom has been broken. In another corner of the 
room is generally found the three-sectioned milling 
box with three grinding stones. The rooms of the 
lower terrace are mostly used for storage. 
There are a few T-shaped doorways like those found 
in prehistoric ruins still to be seen in the Hopi houses. 
During the Spanish period windows in the walls were 
more generally used. They were covered with thin 
sheets of selenite which was the substitute for glass in 
general use in the Southwest. Ordinary windows and 
hinged doors are now coming into common use. 
SHELTERS. 
For the shelter of those who are tending the crops 
and as a camping place for the family when the fields 
are far from the village, temporary structures are 
built. The common type is made by setting four 
posts at the corners of a rectangle so that their forked 
tops are seven or eight feet above the ground. These 
.posts support a platform of poles and brush which 
casts a shade and furnishes on its top a storage place 
away from dogs and stray animals. The Hopi often 
cut trees or brush and set them in curved or straight 
lines so as to break the wind and furnish the desired 
shade. The two forms are sometimes combined so 
that the space under the platform has a wall of brush 
on one side. Temporary rectangular houses of stone 
with flat roofs are also built by the Hopi and Zuni. 
KIVvAS. 
The modern pueblos with a few exceptions are each 
provided with one or more kivas. In a general way, 
they resemble the prehistoric kivas, both in their 
structure and their location. 
