THE PUEBLO DWELLERS. 73 
The kivas of the Rio Grande region are frequently 
circular, the roofs of some of them being level with the 
ground while others are built up to a considerable 
height so that their forms are readily apparent from the 
outside. Details as to their structure are not available 
except that they are entered through hatchways by 
means of ladders which project to a considerable height. 
Kiva. San Ildefonso. 
(Copyrighted by Fred Harvey.) 
With the exception of the fireplace, the ladder, and the 
posts supporting the two main roof beams, they are 
said to be entirely without furnishings. The Keresan 
kivas of which there are always two to a village, known 
as the summer and winter kivas, are said in some 
instances to be permanently decorated with the pic- 
tures of the animals associated in mythology and cere- 
monies with the cardinal points. The kivas of San 
