74 INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST. 
Juan and Santa Clara are rectangular and above ground 
and those of Jemez and Acoma are included in the regu- 
lar house structure differing externally from ordinary 
rooms only in the projection of ladder tops. 
At Hopi they are frequently built in the side of 
the mesa so that the wall of the kiva on one side is 
exposed to light and air while the roof is still kept level 
with the surface of the mesa. They are all rectangular, 
about twenty-five feet long and half as broad. The 
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Floor Plan of Hopi Kiva. 
(After Cosmos Mindeleff.) 
floor, which is generally paved with stone, is in two 
levels. The higher portion a foot above the other 
occupies about one third the entire floor space. This 
is reserved for spectators. In the lower part, there isa 
fireplace, a mere rectangular pit placed in the center 
directly under the hatchway; and at one end there is a 
small cavity covered by a plank in which a hole is cut, 
furnished with a close fitting plug. This represents 
the lower world and the place of emergence through 
