40 INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST. 
soil had been thoroughly packed by tramping. It was 
suggested by the investigators that fires had been built 
in the canals and the clay baked by this means. Many 
side canals were provided for the distribution of the 
water over the fields. The posts of the gates for regu- 
lating the flow were found at the heads of these laterals. 
Mr. Hodge, who reported these excavations, estimates 
that similar canals provided for the irrigation of at 
least 200,000 acres, about half of the land in the valley 
available for agriculture. 
Hunting. The large number of bones of game 
animals found in the houses and refuse heaps indicates , 
that hunting was not neglected. The weapons probably 
employed were the bow and arrows, spears, and pos- 
sibly clubs. The numerous pieces of large rope clearly 
show they had the means at hand for snares as well. 
MANUFACTURED OBJECTS. 
Pottery. Besides the variety of objects of clay needed 
in the household at any definite time and place there 
must be considered the evolution in time of the art and 
the geographical distribution of various styles. 
Plain black cooking vessels seem to be rather uni- 
form over the entire area and to have been made and 
used at all periods. The vessel was no doubt built up 
by applying successive rounds of clay strips which were 
afterward pressed down and smoothed off until all 
traces of the separate pieces were obliterated. The 
black color probably resulted from smoke either when 
the vessel was being baked or while it was being used 
for cooking. 
By leaving the filaments of clay unobliterated on 
the outside in a continuous spiral a pleasing texture 
was secured. By applying the thumb in pressing down 
