18 INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST. 
Hopi, the Zufi, and the Rio Grande Pueblos generally 
are moderately broad. Only the Apache, the Hava- 
supai, and the Walapai have heads which are exceed- 
ingly broad as compared with their lengths. 
It is apparent then that the inhabitants of the 
Southwest are of two, perhaps three, types which have 
either migrated to that region from different places and 
at different times, or which, after long residence in the 
Southwest, have resulted from the breaking up of a 
previously uniform type. These types, having become 
established by either of the methods mentioned above, 
have remained distinct in consequence of a cultural, 
social, and political grouping which has prevented 
extended intermarriage. 
The languages spoken in the Southwest present 
similar variations and lead to analogous conclusions. 
Two of the larger linguistic stocks of North America 
are represented in the region. 
The Navajo and the various Apache tribes, together 
constituting fifty-eight percent of the population, are 
Athapascan speaking. The dialects they speak do not 
differ greatly from each other and, taken together, have 
certain characteristics in common which are not found 
elsewhere. Related languages are spoken in Alaska and 
over much of western British America, and along the 
Pacific coast in Oregon and northern California. 
The Hopi, in culture a typical pueblo people, speak 
a Shoshonean. language linking them to the Ute and 
related tribes who occupy the Great Basin to the north. 
The Pima and Papago are closely connected linguisti- 
cally with the inhabitants of the Mexican Sierra. The 
tribes inhabiting western Arizona are chiefly Yuman 
in speech, related in that respect to certain tribes in 
southern California and near the Gulf of California. 
On the other hand, there are three linguistic stocks in 
