THE PUEBLO DWELLERS. 119 
are thunder gods. Of the objects of nature the sun 
seems to hold the first place. Among the Rio Grande 
villages, however, a mother who still resides at the place 
of emergence holds a high place among the divinities. 
That she represents the earth is probable. The winds 
and the lightning have a place with the clouds mentioned 
above. There the world quarters are also to be included, 
but the nature of the concept is vague. Probably 
persons are supposed to reside in them but certain ani- 
mals are also associated with the world quarters. Pan- 
ther is the patron of the hunters, and bear of the healers. 
These animal gods and others are represented by images 
large and small. There are the great stone panthers of 
Old Cochiti and the numerous images and fetishes of 
the Zuni. ‘ 
Besides the small animal representations used as 
fetishes there are others less definite in form and prob- 
ably symbolic in character. There is evidence that all 
the villages, except perhaps some of the Tewa ones, 
have a fetish for each clan, for each prominent frater- 
nity, and for the head priest. They are perhaps the 
most sacred objects possessed by the pueblo peoples, 
and about them centers much of the social and religious 
life. The Zuni fetishes are sections of reeds together 
with various sacred objects wrapped in cotton. They 
are deposited in a jar which is kept in a room of a house 
which is the center and place of gathering for the 
particular group. Each Zufi individual at the time of 
his initiation into the society of the gods receives an 
ear of corn covered with feathers. This is his personal 
fetish; it is carried by him on certain ceremonial 
occasions; and is buried on the river bank at his death. 
The Keresans of Laguna and the Hopi have similar 
wrapped ears of corn which correspond in use to the 
Zuni fetishes of reeds mentioned above. One is owned 
