123 INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST. 
The Pima lived along the Gila River, Arizona, for 
some thirty miles above the junction of that stream with 
the Salt River. They were in this locality when first 
noticed in Spanish writings. This date is difficult to 
establish, but there can be little doubt that the first 
definite and direct European influence was that exerted 
by Father Eusebio Francisco Kino who traveled through 
this region between the years 1687 and 1710. The first 
description of the Pima is the account of a visit to their 
villages on November 21, 1697, by Father Kino, accom- 
panied by Juan Mateo Mange, who wrote the official 
report of the journey. That European goods and in- 
fluence had reached the Pima indirectly before this time 
is probable. They were friendly from their very first 
meeting with the Spaniards, and manifested the same 
amiability toward the Americans who began to pene- 
trate their country in the second third of the nineteenth 
century. From the discovery of gold in California 
until the building of the railroad, their villages were a 
stopping place for Americans who followed the southern 
route. 
The number of their villages in Spanish and Ameri- 
can times has varied between five and ten. It is not to 
be supposed they would be quite so permanent as the 
community structures of the Pueblo Indians. In 1902 
Prof. Frank Russell enumerated eighteen villages. The 
U.S. census for 1910 gives the number of the Pima as 
4 236. 
The Maricopa, a Yuman people, are believed to 
have joined the Pima early in the nineteenth century. 
They had been moving slowly eastward for some years 
under the pressure of the Yuma on the Colorado River. 
The Maricopa numbered only 386 in 1910. They live 
on the Salt River and have become entirely assimilated 
to the Pima except in language and burial customs. 
