THE VILLAGE DWELLERS. 135 
RELIGION. 
When the religious activities and the ceremonial 
objects of the Pima and Papago are considered they 
are found to be much less complicated and impressive 
than are those of the pueblo peoples. It seems that 
each village has a ceremonial house, which is of the 
same general structure as the dwellings. The cere- 
monial house is usually larger and its name is “‘large 
house.” The house is under the care of a man called 
the Keeper of the Smoke, the reference being to tobacco 
smoking, not to a house fire. It is not clear from the 
accounts, but it is to be inferred, that this man is the 
priestly head of the village. 
There are two classes of priests, fairly distinct from 
each other. The Siatcokam deal with sickness and the 
Makai with weather and the growth of crops and with 
warfare. The healing priests are made up of both men 
and women who are recruited by inheritance. The 
Makai are generally men who are believed to be pos- 
sessed of supernatural power which enables them to 
perform magical acts. The production of rain is accom- 
plished mainly by sympathetic magic the nature of 
which is concealed from the observers. The spectators 
will be apparently sprinkled by means of dry feathers, 
the reeds containing the water being concealed. The 
novices who wish to become priests of this sort undergo 
a training lasting from two to four years, during which 
time certain restrictions are observed. 
At the time of the harvest festival of the Papago 
certain men wear masks and are the singers of the cere- 
mony. They are called Uipinyim and are in a certain 
sense priests. Not only are the orders of priests fewer 
than among the Zuni and Hopi, but there seems to be 
lacking the formal organization into priesthoods. 
