138 INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST. 
singers from each village, wearing special masks, repre- 
sent the corn. The singing occupies the night. Just 
before dawn all the singers remove their clothing and 
paint their bodies with spots to represent the multi- 
colored corn. Just as the sun rises two men, one bearing 
the symbol of the sun and the other the symbol of the 
moon, pass out through the opening of the enclosure, 
toward the east. Here they are met by two pairs of 
boys and girls representing the children who were once 
sacrificed. Old men scrape with notched sticks and 
sing while the children dance. 
During the day the ceremonial objects which have 
been prepared as mentioned above are paraded. The 
singers continue their songs, and the clowns imitate 
shamans performing magic, and impersonate men 
drunk with giant cactus wine. Toward night when all 
the objects have been shown, each village sings four 
songs, different from those previously sung, and the 
festival is over. 
There were ceremonial activities connected with 
hunting and warfare. We have the statement that the 
Pima, after killing an enemy, observed so many restric- 
tions and for so long a time that their usefulness as 
scouts was impaired. The salt expeditions to the Gulf of 
California are conducted according to the pattern of war 
expeditions with offerings and ceremonial restrictions. 
There are numerous shrines in the country of the 
Pima and Papago; some of them on mountain tops and 
others in caves. The offerings deposited at these shrines 
differed; at some of them twigs were placed and at 
others arrows. ; 
As is the case with the pueblo dwellers, the religious 
ceremonies, the means employed with the hope of in- 
fluencing events, consist of songs and of objects and 
activities of a magical character. 
q 
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