CHAPTER IV. 
THE CAMP DWELLERS. 
THE camp dwellers may fairly be called nomadic. 
Their houses are inexpensive in regard to the material 
and labor involved in constructing them and for that 
reason are readily deserted and replaced by others in 
another situation. They depend comparatively little 
upon agriculture and therefore are not permanently 
bound to the locality of their fields and storerooms. 
The securing of their wild food, both animal and vege- 
table, requires considerable traveling about. 
DISTRIBUTION. 
These people belonged to two linguistic stocks: the 
Athapascan, consisting of the Navajo and several 
Apache. tribes; and the Yuman, which includes the 
Walapai and Yavapai. 
Athapascan. The Athapascan tribes in the eastern 
portion of the territory speak languages related 
to the Déné of the north, in the Mackenzie and Yukon 
valleys, and to the various scattered bands in western 
Oregon and northwestern California. The name 
Apache was widely applied by both the Spanish and the 
Americans who succeeded them and was used for several 
distinct tribes. 
In the northeast are the Jicarilla Apache, who are 
again divided into two bands. One of these, the Llanero, 
lived on the headwaters of the Canadian River and in 
the mountains between that stream and the Rio Grande. 
The Ollero lived west of the Rio Grande, especially 
along the Chama River. 
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