THE CAMP DWELLERS. 141 
In the mountains between the Rio Pecos and the Rio 
Grande, south of White Mountain, were the Mescalero 
Apache. They consisted of many bands, each of 
which claimed a rather definite locality as its home. 
The territory occupied by them extended southward to 
the mouth of the Peeos but the bands in the lower 
part of this region were less closely allied to the Mesca- 
lero proper in political feeling and there was a slight 
difference in dialect. East of the Rio Grande in the 
Valley of the Mimbres was an Apache tribe now nearly 
extinct. They formerly were called the Mimbrenos 
but are better known from their great war leader, 
Victorio. When he was defeated a part of his band 
joined the Mescalero and others united with the tribes 
west of them. The Apache living on the headwaters 
of the Gila River are known as the Chiricahua. This 
tribe really consisted of four almost independent bands, 
each with a chief. These are the Indians who have 
made the name of Apache so widely known. They had 
robbed the Mexican settlements for many years before 
the American occupation. When later they were 
deprived of their native lands and placed on a reserva- 
tion, they fled to Mexico where they lived by plundering 
on either side of the international boundary line. 
Their most noted chiefs were Mangas Coloradas, Whoa, 
Cochise, and Geronimo. The last named with the larger 
part of his band surrendered to General Miles in 1886. 
They were taken with their families as prisoners of war 
to Florida. After less than a year they were removed 
to Alabama and finally were given a place on a reserva- 
tion at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. 
The name San Carlos has been applied to the Apache 
bands gathered on a reservation of that name. They 
formerly lived on the San Carlos River, on the Gila 
River near the mouth of San Carlos, on Arivaipa 
