WARREN MASTODON 101 



land pony, only two feet ten inches high, and the rough-boned draught 

 Skeletons horse, which stands six feet one inch in height. Contrast 

 of Modern these with the slender-limbed " Sysonby, " the famous race 

 Horses horse, and the Arabian stallion "Nimr." The horse 



lover will also be interested in the osteological collections in the wall 

 cases which show how to tell the age of horses through the growth and 

 development of the teeth. 



Beyond the Horse exhibit on the left are fossils from South America, 

 the most striking of which is the group of giant ground sloths. There 

 Fossil are a ^ so g° 0( l examples of the Glyptodon, a gigantic rela- 



Mammals of tive of the armadillo, of the camel-like Macrauchenia, the 

 South rhinoceros-like Toxodon, and other strange extinct animals 



America which evolved in South America during the Age of Mam- 



mals, when it was an island continent, as Australia is to-day. Here, 

 too, is the great sabre-tooth tiger, one of the host of northern animals 

 that invaded the southern continent upon its union with the northern 

 world, and swept before them to extinction most of its ancient inhabi- 

 tants. 



The principal exhibits on the north side of the hall are the mammoths 

 and mastodons and the series of skulls showing the evolution of the 

 elephant. The first skeleton is the Long Jawed Mastodon of the Pliocene, 

 a predecessor of the true Mastodon in North America. The "Warren 

 Mastodon" is a classic specimen. It was found near Newburgh, N. Y., 

 Warren in 1846, and is the finest specimen of its kind that has ever 



Mastodon been discovered. Next to it is a fine skeleton of the 

 mammoth; portions of skin, hair and other fragments of a mammoth 

 carcass discovered in Alaska are also shown. While modern elephants are 

 confined to portions of Asia and Africa, fossil remains of elephants and 

 mastodons show that, at one time or another in the past, they were 

 found over the greater part of the northern hemisphere. 



[See Handbook No. 4, Animals of the Past, and Guide Leaflet No. 43, 

 Mammoths and Mastodons.] 



Around the walls is a series of paintings by Charles R. Knight, 

 portraying some of the more striking animals that were contemporary 

 with early man in Europe and America, and whose skeletons are shown 

 below. Here are the Great Ground Sloths, the Woolly Rhinoceros, the 

 Mammoth and Mastodon and the strange moose-like Cervalces. 



