32 FISHES OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK 



(q) Not as above. 



X. Ventral fins without a scaly flap at their 

 base. Upper corner of gill -cover 

 (operculum) with one or two more or 

 less obscure flattened spines. 



(x) Pseudobranchiae (gill-like structure 

 on the inner face of the gill-cover) 

 not well developed, fresh-water. 

 Micropteridoi 

 (y) Pseudobranchiae well developed. 

 Marine. 

 x.^ Eye very large. Color bright red 

 PriacanthidcB. 

 y} Body deep, compressed. Eye 

 placed far forward near the 

 snout. Loboiidcp. 



z. Not as above. SerranidcB. 



V. Ventral fins with a scaly flap at their base. 

 Upper corner of the gill-cover (operculum) 

 without spines, 

 (x) Teeth in the back of the mouth, flat 

 molar-like. Anterior teeth more or 

 less incisor-like, sometimes compressed 



Sparidcp 



(y) Upper jaw capable of being thrust far 



forward. The lower jaw concave. 



Eucinosfomid(t 



(z) Not as above. 



x.^ Teeth large, unequal. LiUianida 



y} Teeth small. HaeinulidcB 



d Two or three separate soft-raj-ed back fins. 

 No spines anywhere. 



(1) Mouth large, with large teeth. Lower 



jaw projecting. Color silvery. 



MerlucciidcE 



(2) Mouth and teeth comparatively small. 



Color not silvery. Gadidce 



