APACHE; NAVAJO 



among them for about three centuries, they have retained many <>f their 

 own religious ceremonies. In the cases of the last alcove on the left are 

 shown the woven costumes of Acoma and pottery from that pueblo. In the 



last case* on this side of the hall are examples of Zufii pottery, both ancient 



and modern. 



The Pima, cast side of the hall, practiced irrigation, raising by its aid 

 the corn and beans On which they relied for food and the 

 cotton which they used for their scanty garments. The 

 Papago, with whom they are closely associated, occupied the more arid 

 portions of southern Arizona and northern Sonora, securing their living 

 from such desert products as the giant cactus, the century plant, the yucca 

 and the niesqnite and small game. Examples of their food, basketry, 

 pottery, and ceremonial articles are shown. 



The Navajo, a large atid widely scattered tribe, inhabit much of the 



country drained by the San Juan and Little Colorado rivers. 



During the winter they occupy houses like the one standing 



in the large annex; but in milder weather, camp with the slight shelter of a 



cliff or a wind break and shade made of brush. They live by raising corn 



in the moist valley and on the flesh of their numerous flocks of sheep. 



They are the present-day blanket makers of North America. They 

 make use of the wool of the sheep they raise, carding, spinning, and weav- 

 ing it by means of the simplest implements and looms. This art is believed 

 to have arisen since the coming of the Spanish and it is known to have 

 passed through several stages in the last sixty years. The older types of 

 blanket here shown contain yarn which was obtained by cutting or ravelling 

 from imported flannels called in Spanish, bayeta, from which the blankets 

 of this sort receive their name. These are either bright red or old rose in 

 color, resulting from cochineal dye. Several blankets are made of yarn 

 bought ready dyed from the traders and are called Germantowns. The 

 greater number, how r ever, contain yarn of native spinning, dyed with 

 native vegetable and mineral dyes. 



The Navajo are also expert silversmiths. Their tools and samples of 

 workmanship are displayed in a case in the center of the hall. 



The Western Apache live in thatched houses, an example of which 



stands at the further end of the hall. They occupy the 



upper portion of the Gila and Salt rivers where they practice 



agriculture, gather the wild products and hunt. These were the people 



w r ho, under Geronimo, raided the settlements of southern Arizona and 



Northern Mexico and evaded our troops for years. 



The Eastern Apache lived in buffalo skin tipis. They went far out 

 on the plains in search of the buffalo herds, avoiding, if possible, the plains 

 tribes, but fighting them w r ith vigor when necessary. In dress and outward 

 life they resemble the plains Indians, but in their myths and ceremonies 



