THE ARCHAIC HORIZON 59 
similar if not identical with that of Central America in 
the lowermost level. The problem of local develop- 
ments deserves careful study because if the theory that 
this pottery art spread hand in hand with agriculture 
be true then the greatest similarities should be seen 
- inthe oldest objects. Once the primary dissemination of 
agriculture and ceramics had taken place there would 
be few inventions capable of breaking down the ordinary 
boundaries of language and environment as these had 
done. In our own times the horse, introduced by the 
Spaniards, spread rapidly through native tribes, modi- 
fying their lives greatly. It is capable of demonstration 
that with the horse went the two types of saddle—the 
pack saddle and the riding saddle. Similarly, in the 
rapid first spreading of agriculture, pottery and possibly 
weaving appear as parts of a complex. Of course, we 
must grant a sufficient time in the original home of agri- 
culture for these things to be developed. 
Two maps of the New World are given herewith: the 
first showing the extension of the archaic horizon and 
the second the final distribution of pottery among the 
American Indians and the final distribution of agricul- 
ture. The agricultural area is subdivided according to, 
first, the arid land type where irrigation is generally 
practised; second, the humid land type; and third, the 
temperate land type. The first type of agriculture 
appears to be the earliest and the range coincides for the 
most part with the range of the archaic pottery art. 
Local Developments of Archaic Art. We 
have now examined the status of this earliest pottery in 
Mexico and Central America and discussed the problem 
of its distribution into South America. Let us next turn 
our attention to some of the developments that took 
place when this art was locally permitted to work out 
