THE ARCHAIC HORIZON 63 
In stone art as well as in pottery there are local devel- 
opments out of the archaic mode in Costa Rica and 
Panama. Crude figures with the parts carved in low 
relief around oval boulders seem to give away to more 
conventionalized sculptures made on slabs of sandstone. 
For this second type the limbs are partly freed from 
the torso, while in still later sculptures they are 
freed entirely. 
The ancient gold work of Costa Rica and Panama also 
reflects the technique of archaic art although most of it, 
to judge by the religious significance of many of the sub- 
jects and designs, was made long after the Archaic 
Period. Just as the pottery figurines were built up by 
the addition of ribbons and buttons of clay to a general- 
ized form so the patterns for gold castings were made by 
adding details in rolled wax or resin to a simple under- 
lying form of the same material. This art will be dis- 
cussed more fully in another place, the mention here 
being made simply to emphasize the general connection 
between the art of the Archaic Period and that of later 
periods. 
Summary. In concluding this section let us sum 
up the general facts of ancient American history as 
these appear in relation to the archeological evidences 
of the archaic horizon. 
I. Pre-Archaic Horizon. 
The peopling of the New World from Asia 
by tribes on the nomadic plane of culture. 
II. The Archaic Horizon. 
Invention and primary dissemination of agri- 
culture, together with pottery making and loom 
weaving. Homogeneous culture with unde- 
veloped religion and unsymbolic art. Practi- 
cally limited to arid tropics. 
