THE LESSER CIVILIZATIONS 141 
of Oaxaca offers striking similarities to it. This is the 
famous ruin of Xochicaleo situated about five hours 
ride from Cuernavaca. Whether any historical con- 
nection ever existed between Monte Alban and Xochi- 
caleo must be decided by future exploration. 
The hieroglyphs that are found on the stelze of Monte 
Alban often strongly resemble those of the Mayas. 
The same use of bars and dots for numerals is to be 
@ Ox 
OOO S06 
Fig. 53. Bar and Dot Numerals combined with Hieroglyphs 
on Zapotecan Monuments. 
noted and it even seems possible to transcribe some of 
the signs into the Mayan system. Lintels with lines 
of hieroglyphs on the outer edge have been found at 
Cuilapa and Xoxo. Those of the latter site seem to 
have degenerated into meaningless decorative forms. 
In Zapotecan funerary urns a close connection with 
Mayan art can easily be demonstrated. The urns are 
cylindrical vessels concealed behind elaborate figures 
built up from moulded and modeled pieces. Many of 
these built-up figures clearly represent human beings 
while others represent grotesque divinities or human 
beings wearing the masks of divinities. The purely 
human types have a formal modeling in high relief, the 
head usually being out of proportion to the rest of the 
body. ‘The pose is ordinarily a seated one with the 
hands resting on the knees or folded over the breast. 
Details of dress are very clearly shown including capes, 
girdles, aprons, or skirts and headdresses. 3 Necklaces 
are often worn with a crossbar pendant to which shells 
