164 MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA 
tles (Fig. 57). Another ware with designs in white is 
concerned with derivatives of the turtle motive. Then 
there are the remarkable copper bells in the form of 
turtles made by coiling, that have been found in 
nearby Michoacan. 
It is difficult to 
place time limits for 
the artistic styles that 
once existed in this 
northwestern region. 
The archaic culture 
seems to have lasted 
_longer here than far- 
ther south, next fol- 
lowed the northern 
flow of Toltecan cul- 
ture which later re- 
cededand finally came 
a rather thin layer of 
Fig. 58. Jaguar Head on Disk- Chichimecan or Az- 
Shaped Stone. Salvador. tecan culture. We 
may tentatively con- 
clude that the forgotten cities of the Zacatecan sub- 
culture flourished after 1000 A. D. The question 
should be settled because of its connection with the 
dating of Pueblo ruins farther north. 
Santa Lucia Cozumalhualpa. The peculiar 
stone sculptures of Santa Lucia Cozumalhualpa and a 
number of adjacent sites in southern Guatemala and 
western Salvador have been accredited to the Pipiles, a 
southern Nahuan tribe. This local culture probably 
flourished long after the Mayan cities of the south had 
been abandoned and while the Toltecs in the north were 
at the height of their power. The art shows many fea- 
