\l \ rERIAL CULTURE . 1 



We have some reason for thinking that the Dakota 

 type is quite recent, for the Teton claim that formerly 

 the entire skins of young antelope, deer, and even birds 

 and beavers were used as smoking bags. Some ex- 

 amples of such hags have been collected and are quite 

 frequent in the ceremonial outfits of the Blackfoot. 

 Again, the collections from many tribes contain hags 

 made from the whole skins of unborn buffalo and deer, 

 used for gathering berries and storing dried food, from 

 which it is clear that a general type of seamless bag was 

 once widely used. All this raises the question as to 

 whether the introduction of metal cutting and sewing 

 implements during the historic period may not have 

 influenced the development of these long, rectangular 

 fringed pipe bags. 



The strike-a-light pouch often made of modern 

 commercial leather is common to the Wind River 

 Shoshoni, Ute, Arapaho, Cheyenne, Dakota, Gros 

 Ventre, and Assiniboin (Fig. 29). Among the Ara- 

 paho and Gros Ventre we also find a large pouch of 

 similar designs. Again, the Northern Shoshoni and 

 Blackfoot are not included, neither are these pouches 

 frequent among the Kiowa and Comanche. 



Many of the paint bags used by the Blackfoot re- 

 semble their pipe bags even to the fringe and the flaps 

 at the mouth. However, many paint bags in cere- 

 monial outfits are without fringes or decorations of 

 any kind. Some have square cut bases and some 

 curved; their lengths range from 8 to 15 cm. In some 

 cases, those with square cut bases are provided with a 



