20 INDIANS Ol l ill. PLAINS 



Pend D'Oreille of the northwest, the Illinois and 

 Winnebago of the east, and some Apache of the south. 

 On the southeast, in Texas and Arkansas, were the 

 Caddoan tribes (Kichai, Waco. Tawakoni, etc. ; rela- 

 tives of the Wichita) having a culture believed to be 

 Intermediate between the Plains and that of the 

 Southeastern area. Yet, in spite of these and other 

 doubtful cases, it is usual to exclude all not enumerated 

 in the above lists as belonging more distinctly with 

 other culture areas. As this grouping is rather for 

 convenience than otherwise, and the culture of each 

 tribe is determined by its own data, the exact placing 

 of these border tribes is of no great moment. However, 

 the most typical Plains tribes are the Assiniboin. 

 Blackfoot, Gros Ventre. Crow. Teton-Dakota. Arapaho ; 

 Cheyenne, Comanche, and Kiowa, indicated in the 

 preceding list by an asterisk (*). Reference to the 

 map shows how peculiarly this typical group stretches 

 from north to south, almost in a straight line, with the 

 intermediate Plateau group on one side and the Village 

 group on the other. Again, the forestry ma]) shows 

 that the range of this typical nomadic group coincides 

 with the area in which trees are least in evidence. It 

 embraces the true tipi-dwelling. horse, and non-agri- 

 cultural tribes. It is primarily the cultural traits of 

 this nomadic group that are discussed in this book, 

 though the important exceptions among the two 

 marginal groups are noted. 



