94 



MDIANS OF THE PL UNS 



Soldier BandsorSocieties. We have previously 

 mentioned the camp police. The Dakota governing 

 society, for example, appointed eight or more men as 

 soldiers <>r marshals to enforce their regulations at all 

 times. There were also a number of men'- societies or 

 fraternities of a military and ceremonial character upon 

 one or more of which the tribal government might also 

 call for such service. As t hese societ ies had an organiza- 

 tion of their own, it was only necessary to deal with their 

 Leaders. The call to service was for specific occasions and 

 the particular society selected automatically ceased to 

 act when the occasion passed. The Blackfoot, Gros 

 Ventre, Assiniboin, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Crow, Hidatsa, 

 Mandan, Ankara, and Pawnee, also had each a number 

 of societies upon whom the governing body called for 

 police service. In addition to these specific parallels, we 

 find that all tribes using the camp circle, or organized 

 camp, when hunting buffalo, also appointed police who 

 executed orders in a similar manner. Among the tribes 

 having soldier societies we again find certain marked 

 similarities in the current names for these organizations 

 as shown in the following partial list, compiled by Dr. 

 R.H. Lowie: 



Mandan 



Hidatsa 

 Kit-foxes 



Haven.- Ravens 



Half-Shorn Balf-Shorn 



Beads Beads 



Foolish Dogs ( Irasj I >"u r - 



Dogs Small Doge 



Old Dogs Dogs 



Soldiers Enemies 



Buffaloes Bulls 



Arikara 

 Foxes 



Crows 



Blackfoot 

 Kit-'- 



Mosquitoes 

 Ravens 



Mad Dogs Cra« Dogs 



Young Dogs — 

 Big Young I ><>'_'- 



Doge 

 Soldiers j Hi 



/ s ildiers(?) 

 Mad Bulls Bulls 



Arapaho 

 Kit-foxes 



Crazy 

 Lodge 



"cntre 

 Kit-: 

 Flies 



Craay 

 Lodge 



Doge 



Dogs 



