1 iS INDIAN8 (»l l III. PLAINS 



Firearms and other trade objects in- 

 troduced. 

 Trade beads substituted for quills. 

 Horses, saddles, and the art of riding 



introduced. 



— 1540 Pre-Columbian Period. 



Quillwork introduced. 



Agriculture, pottery, and simple weav- 

 ing appear among the border tribe-, 

 but buffalo hunting the chief occupa- 

 tion. 



Dog traction developed. 



Beginning of buffalo culture, probably 

 very ancient. 



The first immigrants brought the use of 

 stone and bone tools. 



ThePre=CoIumbian Period, Though the lands 

 of the New World were first sighted in 1492 it is not 

 until 1540 that we hear of the Plains Indians. At about 

 this time two famous Spanish expeditions reached the 

 southern corners of the area. De Soto came to the 

 Mississippi in 1541 and made some excursions into the 

 prairies to the west. A year earlier Coronado set 

 out from a camp near what is now New Mexico, and 

 traversed the plains northeastward, apparently to the 

 country of the Pawnee. It is from the reports of these 

 two romantic journeys that we get our first glimpse of 

 Plains culture. Coronado, at least, saw typical roving 

 Plains Indian-, for we read: — 



