NORTH AMERICAN RUMINANTS 
obtained by the Stone expedition; they have been mounted 
in a group, with appropriate accessories, brought from 
Alaska. 
The Deer constituting the genus Odocotleus are much smaller, 
more graceful and more delicately formed than the Caribou and 
Moose. They are typically represented by the com- 
mon eastern or Virginia Deer, and are very numerous 
in species and subspecies, many of which are quite 
restricted in distribution. Those of the United States fall into 
three groups, commonly known as White-tailed Deer, Mule Deer 
and Black-tailed Deer. The White-tailed Deer embrace the Vir- 
ginia Deer and its related subspecies, of which four or five are 
now currently recognized, which differ from one another in size 
and in minor details of coloration. The Deer, like many other 
animals, decrease notably in general size, and in the size of the 
antlers, from the north southward, and are thus separable into 
well-marked races; the Florida Deer, for example, being not 
much more than half as heavy as the Deer found in Maine and 
New Brunswick. Another form of the group is found on the 
plains, another in Texas and still another in Louisiana. 
The Mule Deer, so called from the large size of the ears, 
occupy the middle region of the continent from Canada to Mex- 
ico, but are typically represented by the form found in 
the Dakotas. There are other subspecies in Manitoba, 
California, Sonora, Mexico and the islands off the coast of Cali- 
fornia. 
The Black-tailed Deer, found only on the Pacific slope from 
California northward to Sitka, are represented by a series of 
forms. On comparing specimens from Sitka with 
those from Southern California, the differences in size 
and color are very striking. 
Besides the Deer already mentioned, five species of this genus 
are found in Mexico. In comparison with the Virginia Deer they 
are exceedingly small, with the antlers greatly dimin- 
ished, being, in fact, miniature representatives of the 
more northern forms of the genus. In Costa Rica 
there is another type of small Deer, in which the antlers are 
15 
Virginia 
Deer. 
Mule Deer. 
Black- 
tailed Deer. 
Mexican 
Deer. 
