THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE INCAS. II 
projection perforated for suspension. When struck with any 
hard substance, they give out a remarkably clear and resonant 
sound. One of these is shown as fig. 12 of Plate II. It is three 
and seven-eighths inches in diameter. Ewbank, describing Senor 
Barboza’s collection of Peruvian antiquities, figures three of 
these objects, two of which he states are of copper and one of 
bronze. He says: “I took them for mirrors; but they do not 
seem to have been polished.””' None of the three in the Mu- 
seum shows any indication, on either side, of having been polished, 
and there seems to be no reason to doubt that they were used 
as gongs or bells. 
Of the various forms of rattles it is hardly necessary to speak 
in detail. They consisted of small shells and nuts, seeds of a 
species of laurel tree, etc., and were often strung 
together. (See Plate II, fig. 8 and Plate III, figs. s, es 
7, 8.) These were attached to the wrists, ankles and ts x 
other parts of the body in dancing. A common form of 
tattle was a gourd containing seeds or pebbles. The use of shells 
as paint cups or palettes was very common, as is attested by 
numerous specimens, which still contain paint, found in graves; 
but their use as musical instruments in ancient Peru, has not 
been noticed before. Figs. 5 and 6 of Plate II represent water 
vessels of terra cotta, decorated with figures striking shells 
together, as cymbals are played. The ‘‘cymbals”’ are so well 
modeled that there can be no doubt that they represent Spon- 
dylus (Spondylus pictorum, Chem.) shells. (See Plate II, fig. r1). 
WIND INSTRUMENTS. 
Lone before the conquest the Peruvians had emerged from 
the first or drum stage, and reached the second, which C. K. 
Wead defines as that “having instruments mechan- 
ically capable of furnishing a scale’ *—a tremendous 
stride in the art. The most important instruments of 
this class are the syrinx or Pan-pipe (huayra puhura) and the 
flutes of bone and cane. Fig. 7 of Plate IV shows a syrinx 
Syrinx or 
Pan-pipe 
' Life in Brazil, Appendix, p. 454. 
? Contrib. to the Hist. of Musical Scales, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 421. 
