14 THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE INCAS. 
Bearing this description in mind, it will be interesting to turn 
to Plate I, fig. 2, which represents figures of men and women in 
relief, forming a band around a pottery water vessel. There is 
every reason to believe that the potter who moulded these 
figures was gathered to his fathers long before the coming of 
the Spaniards, yet he depicts the identical scene described by 
Lieut. Gibbon after so great a lapse of time; showing how such 
customs persist with these Indians. The musicians play upon 
Pan-pipes and the drum. The woman with her “wawa”’ (baby) 
strapped to her back is here, nor are the jars of chicha wanting. 
Chicha is a fermented drink made of maize, and is still the national 
drink of the Indians. J. S. Skinner relates that, 
“In alternation of dancing, singing, 
and drinking they remain for several days 
and nights without intermission, until all 
the jars are empty. Father Figueroa 
pleasantly observes that he is at a loss to 
conjecture how they have a head for so 
much noise, a throat for so much excla- 
mation, and a tooth for so much liquor.” ! 
On Plate V, twenty-six flutes are rep- 
resented. Nos.1, 2 and 3 are of cane; 
Nos. 7, 8 and 9 are made from the wing 
bone (ulna) of the pelican; 
Nos. 11, 12, 24) 75 and ame 
from combined ulna and radius of the 
llama; No. 13is a small gourd. All the 
others are made from the ulne of deer. 
They are simply tubes, open through- 
out their length, and all belong to the 
class known as “end-blown.”’ 
In playing, the breath, crossing the 
opening at the upper end, impinges on 
the sharp edge, which is often notched, setting up vibration in 
the column of air within the instrument, thus producing the 
sound. It is a well-known law that the frequency of vibration, 
Flute 
BONE FLUTES %4 
t Present State of Peru, p. 290. 
