THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE INCAS. 23 
geometrical designs, which are not shown in the illustration. 
The scales of these flutes are given below: 
oe 
~-~-— 
[Ye ae S 
— ——— = 
Ps 4 
No. 11, also of terra cotta, is broken and the scale cannot be 
ascertained. These instruments are sounded by the breath 
impinging on the sharp edge of the outer lip of the shell. 
Whistles of the resonator class have a wide distribution and 
have been found in different sections of Peru. They are usually 
made of terra cotta, but sometimes of other materials. 
The kind most commonly met with emit but one or 
two tones and generally go by the name of “signal 
whistles”’ or “ bird-calls.’’ The resonator type reached its highest 
form of development in Chiriqui and parts of Central America, 
where they commonly took the human form or that of some 
well-known animal or bird, and in most cases the grotesque 
element predominated in the representation. The openings 
(vents) to the air chamber in the body of these instruments vary 
in number, but seldom exceed four. On Plate IV, figure 13 shows 
an instrument of this class. This specimen is one and three- 
eighths inches high, and measures two and three-quarters inches 
from the nose to the tip of the tail. Its two vents are on the 
same side, yielding the following scale: 
No. 15, on the same plate, is of wood and has one vent. Its 
tones are: 
Resonator 
Whistle 
No. 6, on Plate III, and Nos. 8, 10, and 14 on Plate IV, are 
without vents and have but one note each. 
