26 THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE INCAS. 
sentinels set on each side; and in the morning, by break of day the 
squadrons arming themselves, with great noise and shouts, with 
sounds of trumpets, and timbrels, and cornets, they began the onset.”’ 
Alonso de Ovalle remarks: 
“The sound of the drum and trumpet is only to show them the 
necessity of their meeting in arms.”’ ” 
Prescott tells us that at the siege of Cuzco (1536) 
‘The Spaniards were roused by the hideous clamor of conch, trum- 
pet and atabal, mingled with fierce war-cries of the barbarians.”’ 3 
Fig. 3 of Plate IV shows a double musical water bottle. It 
consists of two pottery vessels connected near the bottom in 
such a way that water passes freely from one to the 
pewe other. Near the top of the first or front jar (usually | 
Whistling : , 
Jar surmounted by a human or some animal figure) is the 
opening of the whistle. When the jars have been 
partly filled and are swung backward and forward, a series of 
whistling sounds is produced. As the vessel swings forward and 
upward, the water is lowered in the first jar and raised in the other; 
in the backward motion it rushes back into the first, forcing the 
air out through the whistle. It has often been said that the sound 
emitted by these jars resembles the cry of the animal represented 
on the vessel. A careful examination of fifty-five of these 
whistling jars leads to the conclusion that this is the result 
of a lively imagination—that they are whistles pure and 
simple. 
Fig. 4 of Plate III shows a nondescript instrument made of 
terra cotta. The tone is produced by blowing into either of the 
two holes in exactly the same manner that the trumpet is sounded. 
The lips, in both cases, act as reeds, causing the vibration of the 
air within the instrument. 
™ Royal Commentaries of Peru, Ed. Rycaut, Part I, Book V, Chap. XVIII. 
° Historical Relation of Chile, Pinkerton, Vol. XIV, p. 122. 
3 Conquest of Peru. Vol. II, p. 47. 
