8 PRIMITIVE ART 
appear attached to the eyebrows or to other parts of the body; 
the raven, by its long beak; the sea-monster, by its large head and 
by flippers attached to its elbows. 
The method of distorting the 
animal form in order to make it 
fit the decorative field is illus- 
trated in the specimens in Case 
C 13. The decorated wooden 
dish in the bottom of the case 
represents an animal. It is so 
shown that the front ofthe dish 
represents the animal’s head; 
the sides of the dish, the sides of 
the body; while the narrow end 
in the rear represents the tail. 
Thus it will be seen that the dish 
actually represents the body of the animal hollowed out from the 
back. The animal forms are placed in a similar manner on painted 
hats, as on the one here illustrated; the whole animal being laid 
around the conical hat, and, as it were, being pulled over the head. 
In some cases the adaptations require material changes in the form 
of the animal. When, for instance, a fish is to be painted or carved 
on the front of a square box, the body of the fish must be so dis- 
torted as to fill as nearly as possible the whole decorative field. This 
isdone by cutting 
the fish along its 
whole back from 
head to tail, by 
exaggerating the 
size of the head, 
twisting half of 
the body along 
each side of the 
decorative field 
and placing the 
tail! ‘so.that its 
end comes just under the head. In still other cases the form of the 
decorative field necessitates great reduction in the size of certain 
