
THE ISLANDS AND THEIR POPULATION 49 
in turn crowded back into the hills when the later 
Malayans arrived. The Malayans may or may not 
have come in superior numbers. It is not necessary to 
assume that they did. Arriving with a higher civiliza- 
tion perhaps already embodying many cultural elements 
derived from India, and possessing a more compact 
organization and superior weapons, they would easily 
have been able to establish themselves even without a 
preponderance of numbers. Occupying the most 
fertile tracts, they would tend to increase more rapidly. 
The Spanish occupation must also have tended strongly 
to accentuate the disproportion of numbers; since the 
inlanders were left almost wholly to their interminable 
blood feuds, whereas the pacified and economically 
advantaged Malayan tribes would multiply at a faster 
rate. 
That something of this sort has occurred in the Philip- 
pines is probable not only on internal evidence, but 
because quite analogous conditions prevail over the 
whole of the western half of the East Indies. In Borneo, 
Java, Sumatra, and to a certain degree in the Malay 
Peninsula, the same two types are found associated, 
usually in the same relation: the longer-headed and 
broader-nosed Indonesians mainly in the interior, the 
Malayans proper along the coasts. If the two types 
were distinct only in the Philippines, it might be 
imagined that they were nothing but local modifications 
of a single race that had reached the archipelago in one 
movement, but had become diversified through the 
respective influences of mountain and lowland habitat, 
with the attendant differences in mode of life. The 
occurrence of both types in so many other islands, how- 
ever, makes this explanation much less plausible than 
the one which assumes the successive diffusion of two 
separate types over the entire region. 
