
SPEECH 69 
natives of these districts speak Malay in addition to 
their proper dialects, just as many Englishmen, Dutch- 
men, and Chinese in the East Indies have learned it 
because of its widespread utility in commerce. 
In short, the fortunes of the invading Mohammedan 
Malay and Catholic Spaniard in the north and south of 
the Philippines were exactly the same. Each established 
his rule and religion and introduced new political and 
economic conditions. Both failed to establish their own 
speech among the mass of the resident population be- 
cause this population was infinitely more numerous 
than their conquerors. ~ 
There is no satisfactory name for the generic East 
Indian form of speech, or the great group of Malaysian 
languages—the mother tongues of more than fifty 
million human beings—as distinguished from the one 
proper Malay language. Philologists have got into the 
habit of calling the group Indonesian; which would be 
satisfactory if anthropologists did not employ Indo- 
nesian to designate precisely the proto-Malaysian or 
primitive Malaysian racial type which they distinguish 
on many of the islands from the historic Malayans. 
It is the languages of the latter—Malay, Javanese, 
Tagalog, and so forth—that the philologist chiefly has in 
mind when he says Indonesian. This word is therefore 
dangerously ambiguous unless clear specification is 
made in every case whether reference is to race or to 
speech. 
It must be admitted that philologists have not yet 
been able to find a basic distinction in speech cor- 
responding to the racial stratification into the primi- 
tive and later Malaysian types. Both types occur in 
Borneo, but all the tongues of that island are primarily 
Bornean and ultimately Malaysian, without aligning 
in any way as their speakers do into a more and a les 

