
THE MATERIAL SIDES OF LIFE Sl 
Upland rice has a much smaller yield, but possesses the 
advantage that it can be grown almost anywhere, and 
makes possible adherence to the kaingin system of 
scattered clearings in the forest. 
Terrace Irrigation. Whereas it might be expected 
that the advanced Christian natives would be the ones 
to undertake the more tedious and difficult task of 
growing irrigated rice while the backward pagans would 

Fig. 12. Rice Terraces on Mountain Side; Flooded with Water. Ifugao. 
content themselves with the simpler upland product, 
the reverse is partly true. The majority of pagans in 
Luzon not only depend wholly on swamp rice, but do so 
under enormous natural disadvantages. The splendid 
irrigation systems of the Bontok, Nabaloi and adjacent 
groups, culminating in the really astounding works of 
the Ifugao, have never failed to elicit the wonder and 
