bh 
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SOCIETY 169 
an offensive purpose. In combat, the endeavor is often 
made to suddenly thrust the three prongs of the upper 
end against the opponent’s legs and with a quick twist 
trip him up. As soon as he falls, the two prongs at the 
opposite end are jammed over his neck, pinning his 
head to the ground and allowing his easy decapitation. 
Among the Bontok and Nabaloi, 
the prongs persist, but have be- 
come so short and blunt as to 
leave only shallow scallops be- 
tween them which can serve no 
practieal purpose, and are ob- 
viously decorative. The Ifugao 
has not even the scallops, but 
uses a plain rectangular shield. 
The Apayao shield has a single 
prong at each end. These pro- 
ject like long spines from the 
middle ridge of the body of the 
shield. 
The second type prevails in 
Mindanao, but must once have 
a appt Se Fee had a wider distribution, as 1s 
ee ee ee shown by the fact that it recurs, 
at least with its principal feat- 
ures, among the Negritos of Zambales and the Ilongot 
of Luzon. The general form of this shield is also 
rectangular. But the long edges are usually scalloped; 
the ridge is wanting; instead, there is a tendency for 
the length to be convex; the boss is invariably round. 
There is considerable inclination to fringe or tassel the 
edges of the weapon; and some tribes, such as the 
Bagobo, ornament it with elaborate carvings. Many of 
these features recur in certain shields both of Borneo 
and Celebes. It is therefore probable that as between 

