GO INDIANS OF tup: SOLTHWEST. 



been the governor of New (lalicia. Hernando cle 

 Alvarado was his cliief lieutenant. The advance guard 

 arrived at Cibohi, supposed with good reasons to })e 

 the former viUages of the Zufii, on Jul}^ 7, 1540. After 

 some fighting during which Coronado was wounded 

 the Indians took refuge on Thunder Mountain, leaving 

 their villages to the Spaniards. Hearing a report of 

 seven other cities to the northwest, Don Pedi'o de Tovar 

 was sent to investigate. He visited the Hopi villages 

 known to the Spaniards as Tusayan and returned, 

 bringing an account of the villages and a report of a 

 great river with an uncrossable canyon to the west. 



Alvarado, the second in command, was sent with a 

 few men to explore toward the east. He passed the 

 village of Acoma, perched on its high mesa, and arrived 

 at the Rio Grande probably near Bernalillo where there 

 w^ere villages similar to those of Cibola. Coronado 

 joined him here with the main army and passed the 

 winter in one of the villages. The natives, at first 

 friendly, were offended by the constant demands for 

 food and clothing and by the ill-treatment of their 

 women and dro\'e off the horses and mules of the Span- 

 iards. The village involved was attacked and some of 

 the men surrendered. The officer in charge prepared 

 two hundred stakes for these prisoners but when the 

 Indians saw they were to be roasted alive they seized 

 the stakes and renewed the fight wuth the result that 

 they all died more agreeable deaths. During the 

 winter, the Rio Grande was explored to the north and 

 south and the various pueblos described A cajUive 



