62 



INDIANS OF THE SOUTHWEST. 



tluMu to he^in tlie christianizing of the Indians, hut 

 during the following winter all three were killed. When 

 their fate was known in Mexico, Antonio de Espejo, 

 with fourteen Spaniards visited the principal pueblos. 

 The interest created by his report resulted in allowing 

 Juan de Onate to colonize the country. He came in 

 1598 with 130 white men and many Indians, visited the 

 important pueblos, received their submission, and es- 

 tablished a capital and built the church San Gabriel 

 at Chamita, where the Chama flows into the Rio 

 Grande. Ofiate continued as governor until 1608. 

 By 1630 most of the pueblos were provided with 

 churches and missionaries. 



The Rebellion. 



The natives who were made vassals of the King of 

 Spain, were probably forced to work the mines which 

 had been discovered. The priests were eager to estab- 

 lish their religion and forced it upon the Indians, at 

 the same time repressing the native beliefs and practices. 

 These two causes produced a feeling of resentment 

 which finally resulted in rebellion in 1680. The heads 

 of the pueblos communicated with each other and 

 appointed a day on which all the white people should 

 be killed. One of the inhabitants of San Juan was 

 kindly disposed toward the rulers and priests and gave 

 them warning. But this only resulted in an immediate 

 attack in which the priests in all the nearby villages 



