G4 INDIAN'S OF THK SOUTHWEST. 



They did not hear of villages anywhere on the San Juan 

 or Gila Rivers or their tributaries. With the Coronado 

 expedition was a man interested in ethnology, Pedro de 

 Castaneda, who has not only left a most readable 

 narrative of the journe}' itself, but interesting observa- 

 tions concerning the number and location of villages 

 and the manner of life of the natives. He listed the 

 villages and described them as located in the following 

 provinces : — 



Cibola. The first discovered, had seven villages, 

 two of which have been identified; Hawikuh near Ojo 

 Caliente, the first one seen, and Matsaki, the largest 

 of the ruins at the northwest base of Thunder ]\Ioun- 

 tain. One after another of these villages w^as deserted 

 until in 1680 there were only three inhabited, ^^^len 

 the rebellion was over in 1692, the people all came 

 together in the village of Halona which has since been 

 the only pueblo and is known as Zuiii. 



Tusayan. The province of Tusayan also had seven 

 villages situated near the sites of the present Hopi 

 pueblos. One of the most important of these, Awatobi, 

 w^as attacked by the other Hopi people in 1700 because 

 it received a missionary after the rebellion, and was 

 abandoned. At about the same time Hano near 

 Walpi, on the first mesa, w^as settled b}^ Indians who 

 came from pueblos on the Rio Grande. Castaneda 

 estimated the population of the two provinces of 

 Cibola and Tusayan at between three and four thousand. 



Acmua. The high mesa with Acoma on its top, 

 reached by difficult trails, is unmistakably described. 



