MODERN PIKHIJJS. 



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they resemble the prehistoric ki\'as, both in their 

 structure and their location. Some of them are circu- 

 lar and nearl}' all, in part at least, are underground. 

 They are as a rule, located in the plaza or some distance 

 from the communal house. 



Those of the Rio Grande region are frequently circu- 











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Kiva and Oven. San Iklefonso. 

 (Copyrighted by Fred Harvey j 



lar, the roofs of some of them being level with the 

 ground while others are built up to a considerable 

 height so that their forms are readily apparent from the 

 outside. Details as to their structure are not available 

 except that they are entered through hatchways by 

 means of ladders which project to a considerable height. 

 With the exception of the fireplace, the ladder, and the 



