110 INDIANS OF THE SOUTllWKsT. 



are made. The abbreviated kachinas, which come late 

 in the si)nnp;, have only the dances in the plazas. In 

 these dances, the men who represent the kachinas wear, 

 in addition to the masks, embroidered kilts and sashes. 

 They carry gourd rattles in their hands and liave 

 tortoise-shell rattles tied to their knees. They move 

 forward slowly in a procession with mincinp: steps 

 timed by the rattles. The priests in charge of the 

 ceremonies and others sprinkle corn meal on them and 

 pray to them as if they were the real kachina beings. 

 These occasions are enlivened by the pranks of clowns 

 who are similar to those of the Rio Grande villages. 



The ceremonies of the second series are distinguished 

 from the kachina ceremonies by the absence of masked 

 men and clowns. They are generally spoken of as 

 nine day ceremonies although the Hopi themselves 

 consider that the}' last from the da}' of the formal 

 announcement until their completion sixteen days after. 

 All have certain features in common. Altars are made, 

 prayer-sticks are prepared and offered at various shrines, 

 and there is much praying and singing in the kivas. 

 During the kiva ceremonies, the participants smoke 

 in turn, addressing each other with terms of relationship 

 as the pipe or cigarette is passed. On the last two 

 days of the ceremony there are usually foot races and 

 public performances. These ceremonies are gi\'en 

 by societies or orders of priests under the direction of 

 the head of the order. Anyone may become a member 

 wlio is willing to he initiated; but usually some one 

 clan predon]inates in the membership of each society. 



